Functional Voice Disorder
Video
This video shows a patient with a functional (non-organic) voice disorder.
The patient was a 30 year old non-smoking female. Stress and anxiety
can often cause this disorder which may be a form of a conversion reaction. Notice that although the voice is weak
and tremulous the
larynx
appears normal and the patient has a normal
cough.
Functional Voice Disorder
Video
This video shows a patient with a functional (non-organic) voice disorder.
The patient was a 25 year old female who did not have a history of smoking. Stress and anxiety
can often cause this disorder. Notice that although the voice is weak
and tremulous the
larynx
appears normal and the patient has a normal
cough.
Spastic
Functional Voice Video
This video shows the function of a
larynx
in a 64 year old female with a
very tight spastic voice. The patient had onset of severe hoarseness
and a tight voice two weeks after suffering a minor stroke. She was
also scheduled to have her thyroid removed due to a suspicious thyroid
nodule. Four weeks later, two to three days before her thyroid
surgery, her voice started to improve. After surgery her voice became
completely normal.
Lax
Larynx Video This
video shows the function of a
larynx
with lax or weak vocal cords which are
commonly seen in patients over the age of 70 years. Age related
dysphonia or presbylarynges is part of the normal aging process. This patient did not smoke, he was 75
years old. Note the small cyst in the patient's left
vallecula.
Search PubMed for Presbylaryngeus
Cancer of the Larynx
Video
This video shows the function of a
larynx
with
a large T3 Cancer of the
larynxwith an associated
laryngocele in a 57 yr old male with a 52
pack year
history of smoking. The patient was treated with a
total laryngectomy and postoperative radiation therapy.
Cancer
of the Larynx Video This video shows the
function of a
larynx
with a cancer that involves the right
true vocal cord
(T1a). This patient
was a 47 yr old male with a 50
pack year
history of smoking. She was treated with vocal cord
stripping followed by full course radiation therapy.
Recurrent Cancer
of the Larynx Video This
video shows the function of a
larynx
with a recurrent cancer involving the
anterior
true vocal cord. This 40 year old patient smoked
and had been treated 6 years previously with full course radiation therapy for a
laryngeal cancer.
Cancer
of the Larynx Video This video shows the function of a
larynx
with a large T4 Cancer of the
larynx
in a 66 yr old male with a 50
pack year
history of smoking. The cancer had recurred after
initial surgery and radiation therapy and had spread into the soft
tissues of the neck and severely compromises the airway.
Carcinoma of the Larynx
Video
This video shows the function of a
larynx
with a T1 Cancer on the supraglottic larynx in a
52 yr old female with a 35
pack year
history of smoking. The
cancer does not appear to involve the true vocal cords but the patient's
voice is still mildly hoarse.
Bilateral Vocal Cord Polyps
Video
This video is from a 44 year old female
patient with a 30 pack year history of smoking.
She has had a hoarse voice for over a year. On endoscopy, she has
large vocal cord polyps. Notice how thin the overlying mucosa is and
the clear gelatinous material in the polyps allow visualization of the
vocalis tendon.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Polyp
Bilateral Vocal Cord Polyps
Video
This video is from a 47 year old female
patient with a 45 pack year history of smoking. She has had a hoarse
voice for over a year. On fiberoptic laryngoscopy she was found to
have large vocal cord polyps. Notice how thin the overlying mucosa is
and the clear gelatinous material in the polyps allow visualization of the
vocalis tendon.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Polyp
Bilateral Vocal Cord Polyps
Video
This video is from a 54 year old female patient with a 45 pack year
history of smoking.
She has had a hoarse voice for over a year. On endoscopy she has
large vocal cord polyps. Notice how thin the overlying mucosa is
and the clear gelatinous material in the polyps allow visualization of
the vocalis tendon.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Polyp
Bilateral Vocal Cord Polyps
VideoThis video shows the function of a
larynx
with bilateral vocal cord polyps. This patient is a 72 year old
female who had a laryngeal mass seen on MRI scan. She smoked 1 pack
per day for 50 years and has had a hoarse voice for over 5 years.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Polyp
Larynx Ventricular Polyp Video This video shows the function of a
larynx
with a large polyp coming out of the right laryngeal ventricle and overlying the
right
true vocal cord.
This patient was 50 year old and did not smoke. The symptoms stated
6 weeks previously after she was
intubatedfor surgery.
Larynx Ventricular Polyp Video
This video shows the function of a
larynx
with a pedunculated right vocal cord polyp. This patient is a
38 year old
male who had smoked 1 pack
per day for 25 years and has had a hoarse voice for over the past 6 months.
Vocal Cord Paralysis:
(Back To Top)
This section contains
six videos showing different types of
laryngeal
( or voice box ) paralysis.
There are five videos with a unilateral paralysis of the
true vocal cord,
four of these have paralysis of the
recurrent laryngeal nerve
and one of the
superior laryngeal nerve. One video show a bilateral paralysis due to
lung cancer. Paralysis of the
recurrent laryngeal nerve
can
present in two ways. One is an
adductor muscle
paralysis where the
cords are
abducted
or moved away from the midline. If
uncompensated, this type of paralysis produces a weak voice but good
airway. Compensation can produce a stronger voice by the working
true vocal cord
moving across the midline to meet the lateralized cord, or by
phonating
with the false vocal cords.
Vocal Cord
Paralysis Video (ParamedianParalysis- Partially Compensated
Mildly Weak Voice) This patient is a 44 year old with a 35
pack year history of smoking and a 3 month history of a hoarse voice and
mild aspiration of liquids.
This video shows the patient's chest CT scan and the endoscopic video of
the patient's
larynx
during vocalization.
The patient has partially compensated vocal cord
function and a paralyzed left
true vocal cord
in the paramedian position.
This is an extended
93 Second video including the CT Scan and Laryngoscopy Video. Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Lung Cancer
Vocal Cord
Paralysis Video (Adductor MuscleParalysis -
Compensated by phonating with false vocal cords. Strong Raspy Voice) This video
shows the function of a
larynx
with a paralyzed left
true vocal cord.
The patient had surgery on her left lung and
mediastinum
for cancer.
She has compensated with
phonation
or speaking with her false cords.
Thus, she has a very rough and raspy voice instead of the breathy voice as
is usually seen with vocal cord paralysis. This patient had a 55
pack year
history of smoking.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Video
( Bilateral
Adductor Muscle
Paralysis -
Weak Breathy
Voice)
This
video shows the function
of a
larynx
which has paralysis of both
true vocal cords. The patient was
a very heavy smoker and developed lung cancer. First, the patient's left
cord became paralyzed and then his right. As can be seen in the video,
the cords quiver but do not consistently touch each other during
phonation. The patient has an
adductor muscle
paralysis (the
true vocal cords
are
lateral
and not touching in midline). In this type of paralysis, the patient
has a good airway but a very weak voice. If the nerves (recurrent laryngeal nerves)
to the vocal cords were
completely transected, the patient would have primarily an
Abductor Muscleparalysis with the cords touching each other
in the midline. In this case, the patient's voice would be strong but
he would have severe airway obstruction.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Vocal Cord
Paralysis Video (Adductor MuscleParalysis
- Compensated Strong Voice) This patient is a 56 year old who presented
with a good but intermittently weak voice for the past two months.
The patient was a non-smoker. On examination the
right
true vocal cord
was found to be in the lateral position (abducted) with
good compensation of the opposite cord. No cause for the paralysis
was found. Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Vocal Cord
Paralysis Video
(Abductor MuscleParalysis
- Weak Voice)
This video shows the function of a
larynx
with a left
true vocal cord
paralysis
in a 89 year old female with recurrent papillary carcinoma.
The patient had a total thyroidectomy performed 2 1/2 years ago.
During the initial surgery, cancer was stripped off the left recurrent
laryngeal nerve. The patient had a Stage III carcinoma. She
received initial I-131 treatment and then was lost to follow-up.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Video (Bilateral
Adductor Muscle
Paralysis
-
Weak Breathy
Voice, Good Airway) This video shows the function of a
larynx
from a 51 year old white female with a
bilateral
true vocal cord
paralysis. The
patient was a non-smoker and has Lupus Erythematosus. Her voice is
weak but has a good airway. Three years ago she had a transient
left
true vocal cordparalyses which lasted
for three weeks. Notice that her true vocal cords stay apart but
the apices of the arytenoid cartilages make contact. There is even
a contact ulcer forming on the apex of the left artyenoid cartilage.
The paralysis resolved 2 weeks latter.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Bilateral Vocal Cord Paralysis
Video (Bilateral
Abductor Muscle Paralysis
- Strong Voice, Poor Airway)
This patient is a 73 year old with a 6
month history of strider and a 25 pack year history of smoking. Her
voice was good but the airway was compromised. CT Scan of the
chest and lower neck was unremarkable. The cause of the paralysis was
unknown. A year and a half later she required a tracheotomy.
This video shows the function of a
larynx
with Bilateral
abductor
true vocal cord
paralysis.
The patient has a good voice but cannot fully open the vocal cords.
The vocal cords
can still fully adduct (close). However, they did not abduct
(open) even on coughing.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Vocal Cord
Paralysis Video (Adductor MuscleParalysis
- Compensated Strong Voice) This patient is a 56 year old who presented
with a good but intermittently weak voice for the past two months.
The patient was a non-smoker. On examination the
right
true vocal cord
was found to be in the lateral position (abducted) with
good compensation of the opposite cord. No cause for the paralysis
was found. Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Paralysis
Anterior Laryngocele (Supraglottic Cyst) Video
The patient is a 71 year old non-smoking female who presented with an
intermittently hoarse voice. On examination there was a mucoid cyst
attached to the anterior portion of her left false vocal cord (anterior
saccular cyst). The
patient underwent a microdirect laryngoscopy and the
cyst was treated with marsupialization and if it recurs more extensive
resection will be required.
Search PubMed for Supraglottic Cysts
Vocal Cord Nodules Video
This video shows the function of the
larynx
in a 5 yr old patient with
true vocal cord
nodules.
This condition is also called " screamer's nodes and singer's nodes ".
The nodules form from vocal abuse. This condition is treated with speech therapy.
With proper use of the voice the nodules should resolve on their own.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Flash VideoThis video shows the function of the
larynx
in a 56 yr old female patient with bilateral
nodules on the
true vocal cords.
The patient had not smoked for 15 years, but had a 10 pack year history
of smoking. She was a singer and her voice had been hoarse for 6
weeks. She believed the symptoms started with an upper respiratory
infection. The patient was treated with voice rest,
relaxation techniques and speech therapy. Her symptoms resolved
and her voice returned to normal over the next eight weeks.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Nodule
Vocal
Cord Nodules VideoThis video shows the function of the
larynx
in a 34 yr old female patient with a large
nodule on the left
true vocal cord.
The patient was a non-smoker and had been hoarse for 3 1/2 months.
She underwent surgery (microdirect
laryngoscopy) and had the small nodule on the left cord removed.
Her voice was normal on her first post-operative visit.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules
Video
This video shows the function of the
larynx
in a 35 yr old patient with a large
true vocal cord
nodule.
The patient was a non-smoker. The cause of the nodule was not known.
Because of it's large size and need to determine a tissue diagnosis the
nodule was surgically removed. The final pathological diagnosis was a
large singer's nodule.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Nodule
Vocal Cord Nodules Video
This video shows the function of the
larynx
in a 35 yr old female patient with
true vocal cord
nodules.
The patient had a 1
pack year
history of smoking and quit 17 years ago. This condition is also called " screamer's nodules and singer's nodules ".
The nodules form from vocal abuse. This condition is treated with speech therapy.
With proper use of the voice the nodules should resolve on their own.
Search PubMed for Vocal Cord Nodule
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